Hi there, today I am going to explain the basic principle through which electricity is generated in a photovoltaic cell to power our homes.
The solar setup that we see in our neighborhood is actually quite simple. It is called the Photovoltaic effect. It means the conversion of sunlight into electricity. In a PV cell, a layer of semiconducting material is sandwiched between the negatively and positively charged electrodes. The semiconductor element in the PV cell is necessary to for the P-N structure as an internal electric field. There are 2 silicon layers, one is charged positive and the other negative. The positive silicon layer has a tendency to release electrons when it gets heated by the sunlight and the negative silicon layer accepts the released electrons. When sunlight hits the surface of the solar cells, the photons in the light excite the ions in the semiconductor to generate minute holes which helps in the formation of electron pairs. Since there is an internal electric field, the movement of electrons to the positive and negative electrode generates electricity which is harnessed in a series with the help of a circuit. As a result, current gets generated which is held up in power banks. Later on, the power banks supply a steady power to the entire household. The basic solar kit includes a few panels of PV cells, battery banks, a charge controller, a switching unit and an inverter. Solar cells are assembled together to form solar modules. These modules are in a series connection and when sunlight hits their surface, they generate DCdirect current electricity. This electricity is then passed through a charge controller to the battery banks which get charged and are connected to an inverter. The inverter helps in converting the direct current to AC-alternating current electricity which is required for the conventional electric appliances that we get in our homes. In a standalone off-grid system, the excess energy generated from the PV panels gets stored in the pack of batteries so that it can be used at night when there is no sunlight.
Solar panels can be arranged into arrays as per the requirement of the user. The arrays can be large enough to generate enormous amount of electricity which can be used to power industrial and large commercial establishments. Solar farms/PowerStation across the globe has been using this method to generate electricity for the masses. It is also quite helpful in remote areas where it is quite difficult to supply through conventional methods. We have to start using solar power for the betterment of our planet as it is consistently being used where it is impossible to deliver electricity-Space.
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